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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(11):3521-3528; doi:10.1093/nar/gki665
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Published online 21 June 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Article

PCNA acts as a stationary loading platform for transiently interacting Okazaki fragment maturation proteins

Anje Sporbert1, Petra Domaing1, Heinrich Leonhardt1,2 and M. Cristina Cardoso1,*

1Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine 13125 Berlin, Germany 2Department of Biology II, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 30 94172273; Fax: +49 30 94172336; Email: cardoso{at}mdc-berlin.de

Received April 16, 2005. Revised May 31, 2005. Accepted May 31, 2005.

In DNA replication, the leading strand is synthesized continuously, but lagging strand synthesis requires the complex, discontinuous synthesis of Okazaki fragments, and their subsequent joining. We have used a combination of in situ extraction and dual color photobleaching to compare the dynamic properties of three proteins essential for lagging strand synthesis: the polymerase clamp proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and two proteins that bind to it, DNA Ligase I and Fen1. All three proteins are localized at replication foci (RF), but in contrast to PCNA, Ligase and Fen1 were readily extracted. Dual photobleaching combined with time overlays revealed a rapid exchange of Ligase and Fen1 at RF, which is consistent with de novo loading at every Okazaki fragment, while the slow recovery of PCNA mostly occurred at adjacent, newly assembled RF. These data indicate that PCNA works as a stationary loading platform that is reused for multiple Okazaki fragments, while PCNA binding proteins only transiently associate and are not stable components of the replication machinery.


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