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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(13):e123; doi:10.1093/nar/gni125
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Published online 1 August 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oupjournals.org

Methods Online

An ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical nucleic acid biosensor

Zhiqiang Gao1,2,* and Natalia C. Tansil1,2

1Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology 31 Biopolis Way, Singapore 138669 2School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +65 6824 7113; Fax: +65 6478 9084; Email: zqgao{at}ibn.a-star.edu.sg

Received May 8, 2005. Revised July 5, 2005. Accepted July 18, 2005.

A simple and ultrasensitive procedure for non-labeling detection of nucleic acids is described in this study. It is based on the photoelectrochemical detection of target nucleic acids by forming a nucleic acid/photoreporter adduct layer on an ITO electrode. The target nucleic acids were hybridized with immobilized oligonucleotide capture probes on the ITO electrode. A subsequent binding of a photoreporter—a photoactive threading bis-intercalator consisting of two N,N'-bis(3-propyl-imidazole)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimides (PIND) linked by a (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) complex (PIND–Ru–PIND)—allowed for photoelectrochemical detection of the target nucleic acids. The extremely low dissociation rate of the adduct and the highly reversible photoelectrochemical response under visible light illumination (490 nm) make it possible to conduct nucleic acid detection, with a sensitivity enhancement of four orders of magnitude over voltammetry. These results demonstrate for the first time the potential of photoelectrochemical biosensors for PCR-free ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acids.


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