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Nucleic Acids Research 2005 33(20):6654-6661; doi:10.1093/nar/gki969
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Published online 27 November 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved
The online version of this article has been published under an open access model. Users are entitled to use, reproduce, disseminate, or display the open access version of this article for non-commercial purposes provided that: the original authorship is properly and fully attributed; the Journal and Oxford University Press are attributed as the original place of publication with the correct citation details given; if an article is subsequently reproduced or disseminated not in its entirety but only in part or as a derivative work this must be clearly indicated. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions{at}oxfordjournals.org

Article

A retrocopy of a gene can functionally displace the source gene in evolution

Aleksey N. Krasnov1,2, Maria M. Kurshakova1, Vasily E. Ramensky3, Pavel V. Mardanov1, Elena N. Nabirochkina1,2 and Sofia G. Georgieva1,2,3,*

1Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Gene Biology 119334 Moscow, Russia 2Centre for Medical Studies, University of Oslo 119334 Moscow, Russia 3Russian Academy of Sciences, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology 119991, Vavilova 32, Moscow, Russia

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +7 095 135 9731; Fax: +7 095 135 1405; Email: sonjag{at}molbiol.edu.ru

Received August 3, 2005. Revised October 10, 2005. Accepted November 2, 2005.

The e(y)2 gene of Drosophila melanogaster encodes the ubiquitous evolutionarily conserved co-activator of RNA polymerase II that is involved in transcription regulation of a high number of genes. The Drosophila e(y)2b gene, paralogue of the e(y)2 has been found. The analysis of structure of the e(y)2, e(y)2b and its orthologues from other species reveals that the e(y)2 gene derived as a result of retroposition of the e(y)2b during Drosophila evolution. The mRNA-derived retrogenes lack introns or regulatory regions; most of them become pseudogenes whereas some acquire tissue-specific functions. Here we describe the different situation: the e(y)2 retrogene performs the general function and is ubiquitously expressed, while the source gene is functional only in a small group of male germ cells. This must have resulted from retroposition into a transcriptionally favorable region of the genome.


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