Published online 13 December 2005
Article |
Molecular flexibility in ab initio drug docking to DNA: binding-site and binding-mode transitions in all-atom Monte Carlo simulations
Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 76100, Israel 1Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13092 Berlin, Germany
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +972 8 934 2479; Fax: +972 8 934 4154; Email: mail{at}remo-rohs.de
Received October 14, 2005. Revised November 22, 2005. Accepted November 22, 2005.
The dynamics of biological processes depend on the structure and flexibility of the interacting molecules. In particular, the conformational diversity of DNA allows for large deformations upon binding. DrugDNA interactions are of high pharmaceutical interest since the mode of action of anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial and other drugs is directly associated with their binding to DNA. A reliable prediction of drugDNA binding at the atomic level by molecular docking methods provides the basis for the design of new drug compounds. Here, we propose a novel Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm for drugDNA docking that accounts for the molecular flexibility of both constituents and samples the docking geometry without any prior binding-site selection. The binding of the antimalarial drug methylene blue at the DNA minor groove with a preference of binding to AT-rich over GC-rich base sequences is obtained in MC simulations in accordance with experimental data. In addition, the transition between two drugDNA-binding modes, intercalation and minor-groove binding, has been achieved in dependence on the DNA base sequence. The reliable ab initio prediction of drugDNA binding achieved by our new MC docking algorithm is an important step towards a realistic description of the structure and dynamics of molecular recognition in biological systems.
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