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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on October 4, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(19):5491-5497; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl706
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 19 5491-5497
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Survey and Summary

Alu elements as regulators of gene expression

Julien Häsler and Katharina Strub*

Université de Genève, Katharina Strub, Département de Biologie Cellulaire 30 quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 GENEVE 4, Switzerland

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +41 22 379 67 24; Fax: +41 22 379 64 42; Email: Katharina.Strub{at}cellbio.unige.ch

Received August 21, 2006. Revised September 12, 2006. Accepted September 12, 2006.

Alu elements are the most abundant repetitive elements in the human genome; they emerged 65 million years ago from a 5' to 3' fusion of the 7SL RNA gene and amplified throughout the human genome by retrotransposition to reach the present number of more than one million copies. Over the last years, several lines of evidence demonstrated that these elements modulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in at least three independent manners. They have been shown to be involved in alternative splicing, RNA editing and translation regulation. These findings highlight how the genome adapted to these repetitive elements by assigning them important functions in regulation of gene expression. Alu elements should therefore be considered as a large reservoir of potential regulatory functions that have been actively participating in primate evolution.


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