Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on November 6, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(21):6137-6146; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl725
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 21 6137-6146
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Genomics |
Diversity of tRNA genes in eukaryotes
Department of Human Genetics 929 East 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 929 East 57th street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 773 702 4179; Fax: +1 773 702 0439; Email: taopan{at}uchicago.edu
Received August 1, 2006. Revised September 13, 2006. Accepted September 19, 2006.
We compare the diversity of chromosomal-encoded transfer RNA (tRNA) genes from 11 eukaryotes as identified by tRNAScan-SE of their respective genomes. They include the budding and fission yeast, worm, fruit fly, fugu, chicken, dog, rat, mouse, chimp and human. The number of tRNA genes are between 170 and 570 and the number of tRNA isoacceptors range from 41 to 55. Unexpectedly, the number of tRNA genes having the same anticodon but different sequences elsewhere in the tRNA body (defined here as tRNA isodecoder genes) varies significantly (10–246). tRNA isodecoder genes allow up to 274 different tRNA species to be produced from 446 genes in humans, but only up to 51 from 275 genes in the budding yeast. The fraction of tRNA isodecoder genes among all tRNA genes increases across the phylogenetic spectrum. A large number of sequence differences in human tRNA isodecoder genes occurs in the internal promoter regions for RNA polymerase III. We also describe a systematic, ligation-based method to detect and quantify tRNA isodecoder molecules in human samples, and show differential expression of three tRNA isodecoders in six human tissues. The large number of tRNA isodecoder genes in eukaryotes suggests that tRNA function may be more diverse than previously appreciated.
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