Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on November 6, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research 2006 34(21):6147-6157; doi:10.1093/nar/gkl737
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2006, Vol. 34, No. 21 6147-6157
© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Both introns and long 3'-UTRs operate as cis-acting elements to trigger nonsense-mediated decay in plants
1 Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöll
Hungary
2 Department of Genetics, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary
3 Institute of Physics, Eötvös Loránd University Budapest, Hungary
*To whom correspondence should be addressed at H-2101 Gödöll, P.O. Box 411, Hungary. Tel: +36 28 526 194; Fax: +36 28 526 145; Email: silhavy{at}abc.hu
Received June 16, 2006. Revised September 1, 2006. Accepted September 22, 2006.
Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic quality control mechanism that identifies and eliminates aberrant mRNAs containing a premature termination codon (PTC). Although, key trans-acting NMD factors, UPF1, UPF2 and UPF3 are conserved in yeast and mammals, the cis-acting NMD elements are different. In yeast, short specific sequences or long 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) render an mRNA subject to NMD, while in mammals' 3'-UTR located introns trigger NMD. Plants also possess an NMD system, although little is known about how it functions. We have elaborated an agroinfiltration-based transient NMD assay system and defined the cis-acting elements that mediate plant NMD. We show that unusually long 3'-UTRs or the presence of introns in the 3'-UTR can subject mRNAs to NMD. These data suggest that both long 3'-UTR-based and intron-based PTC definition operated in the common ancestors of extant eukaryotes (stem eukaryotes) and support the theory that intron-based NMD facilitated the spreading of introns in stem eukaryotes. We have also identified plant UPF1 and showed that tethering of UPF1 to either the 5'- or 3'-UTR of an mRNA results in reduced transcript accumulation. Thus, plant UPF1 might bind to mRNA in a late, irreversible phase of NMD.
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors
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