Published online 7 February 2006
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Transcriptional activators in yeast
Institut für Genetik, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 1Department of Computational Biology, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +49 7247 82 6103; Fax: +49 7247 82 3354; Email: peter.uetz{at}itg.fzk.de
Received September 15, 2005. Revised October 29, 2005. Accepted January 20, 2006.
Eukaryotic transcription activation domains (ADs) are not well defined on the proteome scale. We systematicallly tested 
6000 yeast proteins for transcriptional activity using a yeast one-hybrid system and identified 451 transcriptional activators. We then determined their transcription activation strength using fusions to the Gal4 DNA-binding domain and a His3 reporter gene which contained a promoter with a Gal4-binding site. Among the 132 strongest activators 32 are known transcription factors while another 35 have no known function. Although zinc fingers, helix–loop–helix domains and several other domains are highly overrepresented among the activators, only few contain characterized ADs. We also found some striking correlations: the stronger the activation activity, the more acidic, glutamine-rich, proline-rich or asparagine-rich the activators were. About 29% of the activators have been found previously to specifically interact with the transcription machinery, while 10% are known to be components of transcription regulatory complexes. Based on their transcriptional activity, localization and interaction patterns, at least six previously uncharacterized proteins are suggested to be bona fide transcriptional regulators (namely YFL049W, YJR070C, YDR520C, YGL066W/Sgf73, YKR064W and YCR082W/Ahc2).
Correspondence may also be addressed to Takashi Ito. Tel: +81 4 7136 3989; Fax: +81 4 7136 3979; Email: ito{at}k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors
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