Published online 2 May 2006
Methods Online |
A large field CCD system for quantitative imaging of microarrays
1 Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco CA, USA 2 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA, USA 3 Coastal Optical Systems West Palm Beach, FL, USA 4 Cancer Research Institute, University of California San Francisco CA, USA 5 Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco CA, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 415 476 3659; Fax: +1 415 476 8218; Email: pinkel{at}cc.ucsf.edu
Received February 13, 2006. Revised March 10, 2006. Accepted March 20, 2006.
We describe a charge-coupled device (CCD) imaging system for microarrays capable of acquiring quantitative, high dynamic range images of very large fields. Illumination is supplied by an arc lamp, and filters are used to define excitation and emission bands. The system is linear down to fluorochrome densities <<1 molecule/µm2. The ratios of the illumination intensity distributions for all excitation wavelengths have a maximum deviation
±4% over the object field, so that images can be analyzed without computational corrections for the illumination pattern unless higher accuracy is desired. Custom designed detection optics produce achromatic images of the spectral region from
450 to
750 nm. Acquisition of a series of images of multiple fluorochromes from multiple arrays occurs under computer control. The version of the system described in detail provides images of 20 mm square areas using a 27 mm square, 2K x 2K pixel, cooled CCD chip with a well depth of
105 electrons, and provides ratio measurements accurate to a few percent over a dynamic range in intensity >1000. Resolution referred to the sample is 10 µm, sufficient for obtaining quantitative multicolor images from >30 000 array elements in an 18 mm x 18 mm square.
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