Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on August 17, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35(16):5568-5580; doi:10.1093/nar/gkm572
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Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 16 5568-5580
© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Ligand recognition determinants of guanine riboswitches
Département de biologie, Faculté des sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, J1K 2R1, Canada
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 819 821 8000, ext: 65011; Fax: 819 821 8049; Email: daniel.lafontaine{at}usherbrooke.ca
Received February 1, 2007. Revised July 9, 2007. Accepted July 10, 2007.
Guanine riboswitches negatively modulate transcription upon guanine binding. The aptamer domain is organized around a three-way junction which forms the ligand binding site. Using currently available 89 guanine aptamer sequences, a consensus secondary structure is deduced and reveals differences from the previously identified aptamer consensus. Three positions are found to display different nucleotide requirements. Using a 2-aminopurine binding assay, we show that variations are allowed depending on the aptamer context. However, changes at position 48 markedly decrease ligand binding in a context-independent fashion. This is consistent with previous observations with the adenine riboswitch in which position 48 was proposed to interact with position 74, which normally base pairs with the ligand. The in vivo transcriptional control of endogenous Bacillus subtilis guanine riboswitches was studied using RT-qPCR assays. The ratio of elongated/terminated transcripts is decreased in presence of a high concentration of guanine but is dependent on the riboswitch analyzed. In general, the aptamer-2AP complex affinity correlates well with the in vivo regulation efficiency of the corresponding riboswitch. These studies suggest that core variations of guanine aptamers are used to produce a spectrum of ligand binding affinities which is used in vivo by host riboswitches to perform gene regulation.
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