Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access originally published online on October 2, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research 2007 35(22):7429-7455; doi:10.1093/nar/gkm711
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Nucleic Acids Research, 2007, Vol. 35, No. 22 7429-7455
© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Survey and Summary |
Human telomere, oncogenic promoter and 5'-UTR G-quadruplexes: diverse higher order DNA and RNA targets for cancer therapeutics
1Structural Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA and 2Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 212 639 7207; Fax: +1 212 717 3066; Email: pateld{at}mskcc.org
Received July 25, 2007. Revised August 24, 2007. Accepted August 27, 2007.
Guanine-rich DNA sequences can form G-quadruplexes stabilized by stacked G–G–G–G tetrads in monovalent cation-containing solution. The length and number of individual G-tracts and the length and sequence context of linker residues define the diverse topologies adopted by G-quadruplexes. The review highlights recent solution NMR-based G-quadruplex structures formed by the four-repeat human telomere in K+ solution and the guanine-rich strands of c-myc, c-kit and variant bcl-2 oncogenic promoters, as well as a bimolecular G-quadruplex that targets HIV-1 integrase. Such structure determinations have helped to identify unanticipated scaffolds such as interlocked G-quadruplexes, as well as novel topologies represented by double-chain-reversal and V-shaped loops, triads, mixed tetrads, adenine-mediated pentads and hexads and snap-back G-tetrad alignments. The review also highlights the recent identification of guanine-rich sequences positioned adjacent to translation start sites in 5'-untranslated regions (5'-UTRs) of RNA oncogenic sequences. The activity of the enzyme telomerase, which maintains telomere length, can be negatively regulated through G-quadruplex formation at telomeric ends. The review evaluates progress related to ongoing efforts to identify small molecule drugs that bind and stabilize distinct G-quadruplex scaffolds associated with telomeric and oncogenic sequences, and outlines progress towards identifying recognition principles based on several X-ray-based structures of ligand–G-quadruplex complexes.
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Halder, M. Wieland, and J. S. Hartig Predictable suppression of gene expression by 5'-UTR-based RNA quadruplexes Nucleic Acids Res., November 1, 2009; 37(20): 6811 - 6817. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Fernando, S. Sewitz, J. Darot, S. Tavare, J. L. Huppert, and S. Balasubramanian Genome-wide analysis of a G-quadruplex-specific single-chain antibody that regulates gene expression Nucleic Acids Res., November 1, 2009; 37(20): 6716 - 6722. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Mendez-Bermudez, M. Hills, H. A. Pickett, A. T. Phan, J.-L. Mergny, J.-F. Riou, and N. J. Royle Human telomeres that contain (CTAGGG)n repeats show replication dependent instability in somatic cells and the male germline Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2009; 37(18): 6225 - 6238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Neaves, J. L. Huppert, R. M. Henderson, and J. M. Edwardson Direct visualization of G-quadruplexes in DNA using atomic force microscopy Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2009; 37(18): 6269 - 6275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Guedin, P. Alberti, and J.-L. Mergny Stability of intramolecular quadruplexes: sequence effects in the central loop Nucleic Acids Res., September 1, 2009; 37(16): 5559 - 5567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y.-C. Tsai, H. Qi, C.-P. Lin, R.-K. Lin, J. E. Kerrigan, S. G. Rzuczek, E. J. LaVoie, J. E. Rice, D. S. Pilch, Y. L. Lyu, et al. A G-quadruplex Stabilizer Induces M-phase Cell Cycle Arrest J. Biol. Chem., August 21, 2009; 284(34): 22535 - 22543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. G. T. Su, H. Fang, M. L. Gross, and J.-S. A. Taylor Photocrosslinking of human telomeric G-quadruplex loops by anti cyclobutane thymine dimer formation PNAS, August 4, 2009; 106(31): 12861 - 12866. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Verma, V. K. Yadav, R. Basundra, A. Kumar, and S. Chowdhury Evidence of genome-wide G4 DNA-mediated gene expression in human cancer cells Nucleic Acids Res., July 13, 2009; (2009) gkn1076v2. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Stegle, L. Payet, J.-L. Mergny, D. J. C. MacKay, and J. L. Huppert Predicting and understanding the stability of G-quadruplexes Bioinformatics, June 15, 2009; 25(12): i374 - i1382. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Viladoms, N. Escaja, M. Frieden, I. Gomez-Pinto, E. Pedroso, and C. Gonzalez Self-association of short DNA loops through minor groove C:G:G:C tetrads Nucleic Acids Res., June 1, 2009; 37(10): 3264 - 3275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Schonhoft, R. Bajracharya, S. Dhakal, Z. Yu, H. Mao, and S. Basu Direct experimental evidence for quadruplex-quadruplex interaction within the human ILPR Nucleic Acids Res., June 1, 2009; 37(10): 3310 - 3320. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Amrane, R. W. L. Ang, Z. M. Tan, C. Li, J. K. C. Lim, J. M. W. Lim, K. W. Lim, and A. T. Phan A novel chair-type G-quadruplex formed by a Bombyx mori telomeric sequence Nucleic Acids Res., February 1, 2009; 37(3): 931 - 938. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Thakur, P. Kumar, K. Halder, A. Verma, A. Kar, J.-L. Parent, R. Basundra, A. Kumar, and S. Chowdhury Metastases suppressor NM23-H2 interaction with G-quadruplex DNA within c-MYC promoter nuclease hypersensitive element induces c-MYC expression Nucleic Acids Res., January 1, 2009; 37(1): 172 - 183. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Paramasivan and P. H. Bolton Mix and measure fluorescence screening for selective quadruplex binders Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2008; 36(17): e106 - e106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. N. Lane, J. B. Chaires, R. D. Gray, and J. O. Trent Stability and kinetics of G-quadruplex structures Nucleic Acids Res., October 1, 2008; 36(17): 5482 - 5515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Possemato, J. C. Timmons, E. L. Bauerlein, N. Wada, A. Baldwin, K. Masutomi, and W. C. Hahn Suppression of hPOT1 in Diploid Human Cells Results in an hTERT-Dependent Alteration of Telomere Length Dynamics Mol. Cancer Res., October 1, 2008; 6(10): 1582 - 1593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Arora, M. Dutkiewicz, V. Scaria, M. Hariharan, S. Maiti, and J. Kurreck Inhibition of translation in living eukaryotic cells by an RNA G-quadruplex motif RNA, July 1, 2008; 14(7): 1290 - 1296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. D. Gray and J. B. Chaires Kinetics and mechanism of K+- and Na+-induced folding of models of human telomeric DNA into G-quadruplex structures Nucleic Acids Res., July 1, 2008; 36(12): 4191 - 4203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-D. Beaudoin and J.-P. Perreault Potassium ions modulate a G-quadruplex-ribozyme's activity RNA, June 1, 2008; 14(6): 1018 - 1025. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|