Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access first published online on September 29, 2006
This version published online on October 6, 2006
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkl655
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© 2006 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Quadruplex DNA: sequence, topology and structure
Cancer Research UK Biomolecular Structure Group, The School of Pharmacy, University of London 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +44 207 753 5969; Fax: +44 207 753 5970; Email: stephen.neidle{at}pharmacy.ac.uk
Received July 12, 2006. Revised August 25, 2006. Accepted August 27, 2006.
G-quadruplexes are higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from G-rich sequences that are built around tetrads of hydrogen-bonded guanine bases. Potential quadruplex sequences have been identified in G-rich eukaryotic telomeres, and more recently in non-telomeric genomic DNA, e.g. in nuclease-hypersensitive promoter regions. The natural role and biological validation of these structures is starting to be explored, and there is particular interest in them as targets for therapeutic intervention. This survey focuses on the folding and structural features on quadruplexes formed from telomeric and non-telomeric DNA sequences, and examines fundamental aspects of topology and the emerging relationships with sequence. Emphasis is placed on information from the high-resolution methods of X-ray crystallography and NMR, and their scope and current limitations are discussed. Such information, together with biological insights, will be important for the discovery of drugs targeting quadruplexes from particular genes.
The history dates have been corrected.
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