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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on February 8, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkm042
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© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Quantitative surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering of phthalocyanine-labelled oligonucleotides

A. Macaskill1, A. A. Chernonosov2,3, V. V. Koval2, E. A. Lukyanets4, O. S. Fedorova2, W. E. Smith1, K. Faulds1,* and D. Graham1,*

1Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, UK G1 1XL, 2Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Lavrentyev Avenue 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia, 3Institute of Human Ecology, Sovetskii Avenue 18, Kemerovo 650099, Russia and 4Organic Intermediates & Dyes Institute, B. Sadovaya, 1/4, Moscow 103787, Russia

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: 0141 548 4701; Fax: 0141 552 0876; Email: Karen.Faulds{at}strath.ac.uk

*Correspondence may also be addressed to D. Graham. Tel: 0141 548 4701; Fax: 0141 552 0876; Email: Duncan.Graham{at}strath.ac.uk

Received November 28, 2006. Revised January 9, 2007. Accepted January 9, 2007.

The evaluation of phthalocyanine labels for the surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) detection of oligonucleotides is reported. Three phthalocyanine-labelled oligonucleotides were assessed, each containing a different metal centre. Detection limits for each labelled oligonucleotide were determined using two excitation frequencies where possible. Limits of detection as low as 2.8 x 10–11 mol. dm–3 were obtained which are comparable to standard fluorescently labelled probes used in previous SERRS studies. The identification of two phthalocyanine-labelled oligonucleotides without separation was also demonstrated indicating their suitability for multiplexing. This study extends the range of labels suitable for quantitative surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering with silver nanoparticles and offers more flexibility and choice when considering SERRS for quantitative DNA detection.


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