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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access first published online on November 26, 2007
This version published online on December 1, 2007
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkm1056
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© 2007 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Molecular Biology

Transcription of Satellite III non-coding RNAs is a general stress response in human cells

Rut Valgardsdottir1, Ilaria Chiodi1, Manuela Giordano1, Antonio Rossi2, Silvia Bazzini1, Claudia Ghigna1, Silvano Riva1 and Giuseppe Biamonti1,*

1Istituto di Genetica Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Abbiategrasso 207, 27100 Pavia and 2Istituto di Neurobiologia e Medicina Molecolare-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +39 0382 546322; Fax: +39 0382 422286; Email: biamonti{at}igm.cnr.it

Received July 9, 2007. Revised November 7, 2007. Accepted November 9, 2007.

In heat-shocked human cells, heat shock factor 1 activates transcription of tandem arrays of repetitive Satellite III (SatIII) DNA in pericentromeric heterochromatin. Satellite III RNAs remain associated with sites of transcription in nuclear stress bodies (nSBs). Here we use real-time RT-PCR to study the expression of these genomic regions. Transcription is highly asymmetrical and most of the transcripts contain the G-rich strand of the repeat. A low level of G-rich RNAs is detectable in unstressed cells and a 104-fold induction occurs after heat shock. G-rich RNAs are induced by a wide range of stress treatments including heavy metals, UV-C, oxidative and hyper-osmotic stress. Differences exist among stressing agents both for the kinetics and the extent of induction (>100- to 80.000-fold). In all cases, G-rich transcripts are associated with nSBs. On the contrary, C-rich transcripts are almost undetectable in unstressed cells and modestly increase after stress. Production of SatIII RNAs after hyper-osmotic stress depends on the Tonicity Element Binding Protein indicating that activation of the arrays is triggered by different transcription factors. This is the first example of a non-coding RNA whose transcription is controlled by different transcription factors under different growth conditions.


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