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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on February 24, 2008
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn081
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© 2008 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Genomics

The complete nucleotide sequences of the five genetically distinct plastid genomes of Oenothera, subsection Oenothera: I. Sequence evaluation and plastome evolution{dagger}

Stephan Greiner1, Xi Wang1,2, Uwe Rauwolf1, Martina V. Silber1, Klaus Mayer2, Jörg Meurer1, Georg Haberer2 and Reinhold G. Herrmann1,*

1Department Biologie I, Bereich Botanik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80 638 Munich and 2MIPS/IBI Institute for Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85 764 Neuherberg, Germany

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: + 49 8917861271; Fax: +49 89171683; Email: r.herrmann{at}lrz.uni-muenchen.de

Received November 30, 2007. Revised February 1, 2008. Accepted February 8, 2008.

The flowering plant genus Oenothera is uniquely suited for studying molecular mechanisms of speciation. It assembles an intriguing combination of genetic features, including permanent translocation heterozygosity, biparental transmission of plastids, and a general interfertility of well-defined species. This allows an exchange of plastids and nuclei between species often resulting in plastome–genome incompatibility. For evaluation of its molecular determinants we present the complete nucleotide sequences of the five basic, genetically distinguishable plastid chromosomes of subsection Oenothera (=Euoenothera) of the genus, which are associated in distinct combinations with six basic genomes. Sizes of the chromosomes range from 163 365 bp (plastome IV) to 165 728 bp (plastome I), display between 96.3% and 98.6% sequence similarity and encode a total of 113 unique genes. Plastome diversification is caused by an abundance of nucleotide substitutions, small insertions, deletions and repetitions. The five plastomes deviate from the general ancestral design of plastid chromosomes of vascular plants by a subsection-specific 56 kb inversion within the large single-copy segment. This inversion disrupted operon structures and predates the divergence of the subsection presumably 1 My ago. Phylogenetic relationships suggest plastomes I–III in one clade, while plastome IV appears to be closest to the common ancestor.

{dagger}Dedicated to the senior Oenothera geneticist Prof. Wilfried Stubbe.

The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.


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S. Greiner, X. Wang, R. G. Herrmann, U. Rauwolf, K. Mayer, G. Haberer, and J. Meurer
The Complete Nucleotide Sequences of the 5 Genetically Distinct Plastid Genomes of Oenothera, Subsection Oenothera: II. A Microevolutionary View Using Bioinformatics and Formal Genetic Data
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