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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on January 12, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn1073
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

RNA

Steady-state levels of imported tRNAs in Chlamydomonas mitochondria are correlated with both cytosolic and mitochondrial codon usages

Elizaveta Vinogradova1,2, Thalia Salinas1,3, Valérie Cognat1, Claire Remacle3,* and Laurence Maréchal-Drouard1,*

1Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Unité Propre de Recherche 2357, associated with Université Louis Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France, 2Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 199991, Russia and 3Génétique des microorganismes, Institut de Botanique B22, Université de Liège, B-4000 Liège, Belgium

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +32 4366 3812; Fax: +32 4366 2960; Email: c.remacle{at}ulg.ac.be Correspondence may also be addressed to Laurence Maréchal-Drouard. Tel: +33 388 417 244; Fax: +33 388 614 442; Email: laurence.drouard{at}ibmp-ulp.u-strasbg.fr

Received October 8, 2008. Revised December 22, 2008. Accepted December 23, 2008.

The mitochondrial genome of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii only encodes three expressed tRNA genes, thus most mitochondrial tRNAs are likely imported. The sharing of tRNAs between chloroplasts and mitochondria has been speculated in this organism. We first demonstrate that no plastidial tRNA is present in mitochondria and that the mitochondrial translation mainly relies on the import of nucleus-encoded tRNA species. Then, using northern analysis, we show that the extent of mitochondrial localization for the 49 tRNA isoacceptor families encoded by the C. reinhardtii nuclear genome is highly variable. Until now the reasons for such variability were unknown. By comparing cytosolic and mitochondrial codon usage with the sub-cellular distribution of tRNAs, we provide unprecedented evidence that the steady-state level of a mitochondrial tRNA is linked not only to the frequency of the cognate codon in mitochondria but also to its frequency in the cytosol, then allowing optimal mitochondrial translation.


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