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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on July 24, 2008
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn475
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© 2008 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

RNA

Imaging and characterizing influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells

Wei Wang1,2, Zong-Qiang Cui1, Han Han1,2, Zhi-Ping Zhang1, Hong-Ping Wei1, Ya-Feng Zhou1, Ze Chen1 and Xian-En Zhang1,*

1State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071 and 2Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +86 10 5888 1508; Fax: +86 10 5888 1559; Email: x.zhang{at}wh.iov.cn

Received April 4, 2008. Revised June 23, 2008. Accepted July 8, 2008.

The mechanisms of influenza A virus mRNA intracellular transport are still not clearly understood. Here, we visualized the distribution and transport of influenza A virus mRNA in living cells using molecular beacon (MB) technology. Confocal-FRAP measurements determined that the transport of influenza A virus intronless mRNA, in both nucleus and cytoplasm, was energy dependent, being similar to that of Poly(A)+ RNA. Drug inhibition studies in living cells revealed that the export of influenza A virus mRNA is independent of the CRM1 pathway, while the function of RNA polymerase II (RNAP-II) may be needed. In addition, viral NS1 protein and cellular TAP protein were found associated with influenza A virus mRNA in the cell nucleus. These findings characterize influenza A virus mRNA transport in living cells and suggest that influenza A virus mRNA may be exported from the nucleus by the cellular TAP/p15 pathway with NS1 protein and RNAP-II participation.

The authors wish it to be known that, in their opinion, the first two authors should be regarded as joint First Authors.


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