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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on September 27, 2008
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn616
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© 2008 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Genome integrity, repair and replication

Identification of the Xenopus DNA2 protein as a major nuclease for the 5'->3' strand-specific processing of DNA ends

Shuren Liao, Thomas Toczylowski and Hong Yan*

Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 215 728 2514; Fax: +1 215 728 3574; Email: hong_yan{at}fccc.edu

Received July 10, 2008. Revised September 5, 2008. Accepted September 10, 2008.

The first step of homology-dependent DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is the 5' strand-specific processing of DNA ends to generate 3' single-strand tails. Despite extensive effort, the nuclease(s) that is directly responsible for the resection of 5' strands in eukaryotic cells remains elusive. Using nucleoplasmic extracts (NPE) derived from the eggs of Xenopus laevis as the model system, we have found that DNA processing consists of at least two steps: an ATP-dependent unwinding of ends and an ATP-independent 5'->3' degradation of single-strand tails. The unwinding step is catalyzed by DNA helicases, the major one of which is the Xenopus Werner syndrome protein (xWRN), a member of the RecQ helicase family. In this study, we report the purification and identification of the Xenopus DNA2 (xDNA2) as one of the nucleases responsible for the 5'->3' degradation of single-strand tails. Immunodepletion of xDNA2 resulted in a significant reduction in end processing and homology-dependent DSB repair. These results provide strong evidence that xDNA2 is a major nuclease for the resection of DNA ends for homology-dependent DSB repair in eukaryotes.


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