Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on October 21, 2008
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkn764
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NCBI GEO: archive for high-throughput functional genomic data
National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 301 402 4057; Fax: +1 301 480 0109; Email: barrett{at}ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Received September 26, 2008. Accepted October 6, 2008.
The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) is the largest public repository for high-throughput gene expression data. Additionally, GEO hosts other categories of high-throughput functional genomic data, including those that examine genome copy number variations, chromatin structure, methylation status and transcription factor binding. These data are generated by the research community using high-throughput technologies like microarrays and, more recently, next-generation sequencing. The database has a flexible infrastructure that can capture fully annotated raw and processed data, enabling compliance with major community-derived scientific reporting standards such as Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME). In addition to serving as a centralized data storage hub, GEO offers many tools and features that allow users to effectively explore, analyze and download expression data from both gene-centric and experiment-centric perspectives. This article summarizes the GEO repository structure, content and operating procedures, as well as recently introduced data mining features. GEO is freely accessible at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/.
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