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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on March 24, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp162
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Molecular Biology

Phosphate control over nitrogen metabolism in Streptomyces coelicolor: direct and indirect negative control of glnR, glnA, glnII and amtB expression by the response regulator PhoP

Antonio Rodríguez-García1,2, Alberto Sola-Landa1, Kristian Apel1, Fernando Santos-Beneit1 and Juan F. Martín1,2,*

1Instituto de Biotecnología de León, INBIOTEC, Parque Científico de León, Av. Real, 1, 24006 and 2Área de Microbiología, Fac. CC. Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, s/n, 24071, León, Spain

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +34 987 291 505/+34 987 210 308; Fax: +34 987 291 506/+34 987 210 388; Email: jf.martin{at}unileon.es

Received January 15, 2009. Revised February 27, 2009. Accepted February 27, 2009.

Bacterial growth requires equilibrated concentration of C, N and P sources. This work shows a phosphate control over the nitrogen metabolism in the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor. Phosphate control of metabolism in Streptomyces is exerted by the two component system PhoR-PhoP. The response regulator PhoP binds to well-known PHO boxes composed of direct repeat units (DRus). PhoP binds to the glnR promoter, encoding the major nitrogen regulator as shown by EMSA studies, but not to the glnRII promoter under identical experimental conditions. PhoP also binds to the promoters of glnA and glnII encoding two glutamine synthetases, and to the promoter of the amtB-glnK-glnD operon, encoding an ammonium transporter and two putative nitrogen sensing/regulatory proteins. Footprinting analyses revealed that the PhoP-binding sequence overlaps the GlnR boxes in both glnA and glnII. ‘Information theory’ quantitative analyses of base conservation allowed us to establish the structure of the PhoP-binding regions in the glnR, glnA, glnII and amtB genes. Expression studies using luxAB as reporter showed that PhoP represses the above mentioned nitrogen metabolism genes. A mutant deleted in PhoP showed increased expression of the nitrogen metabolism genes. The possible conservation of phosphate control over nitrogen metabolism in other microorganisms is discussed.


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