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Nucleic Acids Research Advance Access published online on April 1, 2009
Nucleic Acids Research, doi:10.1093/nar/gkp205
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© 2009 The Author(s)
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

RNA

C19MC microRNAs are processed from introns of large Pol-II, non-protein-coding transcripts

Marie-Line Bortolin-Cavaillé1,2, Marie Dance1,2, Michel Weber1,2 and Jérôme Cavaillé1,2,*

1Université de Toulouse, UPS, Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote and 2CNRS, LBME, F-31000 Toulouse, France

*To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 0 561335927; Fax: +33 0 561335886; Email: cavaille{at}ibcg.biotoul.fr

Received February 10, 2009. Revised March 11, 2009. Accepted March 12, 2009.

MicroRNAs are tiny RNA molecules that play important regulatory roles in a broad range of developmental, physiological or pathological processes. Despite recent progress in our understanding of miRNA processing and biological functions, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms that control their expression at the transcriptional level. C19MC is the largest human microRNA gene cluster discovered to date. This 100-kb long cluster consists of 46 tandemly repeated, primate-specific pre-miRNA genes that are flanked by Alu elements (Alus) and embedded within a ~400- to 700-nt long repeated unit. It has been proposed that C19MC miRNA genes are transcribed by RNA polymerase III (Pol-III) initiating from A and B boxes embedded in upstream Alu repeats. Here, we show that C19MC miRNAs are intron-encoded and processed by the DGCR8-Drosha (Microprocessor) complex from a previously unidentified, non-protein-coding Pol-II (and not Pol-III) transcript which is mainly, if not exclusively, expressed in the placenta.


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